Research

In 2019, WIN Waste (then Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc.) commissioned a focused study to analyze air quality in Baltimore City and assess the effects of emissions from its Baltimore waste-to-energy facility on asthma-related hospital visits.

The 2019 study established many critically important facts about the Baltimore waste-to-energy facility

STUDY FINDINGS:

• The emissions produced by the facility have a negligible impact on ambient air quality in Baltimore City and, as such, no negative impact on community asthma rates.
• There is no correlation between emissions from the facility and asthma rates in Baltimore City.
  Baltimore’s asthma rates are primarily correlated with social determinants of health, not emissions from the facility.
• Emissions from the facility are well below state and federal air standards designed to safeguard the environment and public health.
• Multiple independent studies conclude that traffic-related pollution is most likely the primary source of air pollution in Baltimore City.
• Air concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 related to the waste-to-energy facility account for 0.02% – 5.6% of the total background air concentrations in Baltimore City from all sources of emissions such as cars, trucks, trains, and sources outside the Baltimore area.

WHEELABRATOR’S IMPACT ON BALTIMORE CITY’S AIR QUALITY IS NEGLIGIBLE.

The emissions produced by WTI have a negligible impact on ambient air quality in the City. Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) is the major source of air pollution in Baltimore City, as is the case in many major cities. In 2018, the Maryland Department of the Environment reported that “Emissions from mobile sources continue to be the largest source of NO2 pollution in Maryland, though significant reductions are being achieved through cleaner cars and fuels.”

THERE IS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN EMISSIONS FROM WTI AND ASTHMA RATES IN BALTIMORE CITY.

There is no correlation between the air quality impacts of WTI emissions and local asthma rates. The environmental epidemiology study statistically analyzed the annual asthma health data and modeled annual average air concentrations, taking into account socio-demographic parameters across Baltimore City’s 21 zip codes over three years of available data. The study showed there were no statistically significant associations between annual age-adjusted asthma rates in relation to annual average PM2.5, NO2 or SO2 air concentrations from the facility (PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 are most likely to be related to asthma). Emissions from Wheelabrator also have a negligible impact on air quality and are well below state and federal air standards designed to safeguard the environment and public health.

BALTIMORE’S ASTHMA RATES ARE PRIMARILY CORRELATED WITH SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Baltimore’s asthma rates are primarily correlated with social determinants of health, not emissions from Wheelabrator. The study identified consistent, statistically significant associations between asthma rates and median family income and other socioeconomic parameters. Multiple independent research studies have found precisely what our research demonstrated, namely that factors such as poor living conditions, a prevalence of rodents and pests, and a lack of access to health care drive asthma rates in Baltimore, and other urban areas.

1 Dispersion Modeling Analyses – Baltimore Bresco Facility – Toxic Air Pollutant Evaluation. TRC Environmental Corporation, 2019;
https://carteehdata.org/library/webapp/trap-asthma-usa; Guidance Document: Maryland’s Toxic Air Pollutant (TAP) Regulations. Maryland Department of the Environment, 2016.

2 Annual average No2 concentrations across Baltimore City zip codes based on emissions from the Wheelabrator facility (TRC 2019. Dispersion Modeling Analysis – Baltimore RESCO Facility) and background annual average No2 air concentrations from modeling (2019; Alotobai R. et. Database). 2019 https:carteehdata.org/library/webapp/trap-asthma-usa and Traffic related air pollution and the burden of childhood asthma in the contiguous United States in 2000 and 2010. Env. Int. 127:858) and USEPA and MDE air quality monitors in Baltimore City.